Ⅰ. Subject Overview: This section includes information such as the historical development of the subject, categories of subject authorization, key subject awards or "Double First-Class" construction status, subject evaluation rankings, and international subject rankings (ARWU, QS, USNEWS, ESI), etc. In the 2023 ‘‘ShanghaiRanking’s Best Chinese Academic Subjects’’, the university had 23 subjects listed. Among them, Transportation Engineering and Systems Science maintained their top position, being recognized as "Top Subjects in China." Transportation Engineering has ranked No. 1 nationwide for six years, while Systems Science has ranked first for five years since its debut in 2019. Transportation Engineering was also listed in the 2023 "ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects," ranking first in the world for the fifth time. Ⅱ. Subject Positioning and Goals, Directions, and Strengths The Vehicle Operation Engineering subject at Beijing Jiaotong University is distinguished by its focus on "Rail Transportation" and is centered around "Vehicle Safety and Environmental Protection." Aligned with the university’s "Double First Class" construction in "Smart Transportation," this subject benefits from various research and teaching platforms, including the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing and Measurement & Control Technology of Vehicles, the Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Structural Reliability and Operational Testing Technology of Rail Vehicles, the National Accredited Laboratory for Structural Strength Testing, and the National Demonstration Center for Mechanical Engineering Experimental Education. Focusing on rail vehicles and transportation tools, the subject aims at achieving high speed, heavy load, and intelligence. By integrating design, operation, and safety assurance technologies, it fosters high-level talent training and scientific research, developing four distinctive research directions. 1. Theories and Technologies of Vehicle Operation Safety This research direction focuses on vehicle state safety protection, safety simulation, vehicle speed safety control, vehicle structural reliability assessment, structural modeling and algorithms of optimization design, safe operation and management of vehicles, traffic safety equipment engineering, safety detection and monitoring technologies, as well as the operational stability and ride comfort of vehicles. It also involves big data mining, fault diagnosis, and hybrid modeling aimed at proactive maintenance of vehicles. 2. Detection and Control of Vehicles and Infrastructure This research direction focuses on damage identification, fault diagnosis methods, and condition assessment technologies for key components of rail vehicles. It explores theories and applications for predicting the lifespan and state-based maintenance of key components using big data analysis and artificial intelligence. The research also delves into non-destructive testing technologies based on principles such as ultrasound, structured light, machine vision, and vibration modal analysis. Additionally, it involves safety condition detection of infrastructure, including seamless rails, tracks, and tunnels, with an emphasis on theoretical research, technological innovation, and engineering applications. The direction also investigates environmental detection technologies based on video, LiDAR, microwave radar, and develops foundational theories and application technologies for intelligent environmental perception using deep learning and knowledge graphs. 3. Operating Environment and Advanced Power Technologies of Vehicles This research direction covers the study of internal and external thermal environments of vehicles, the mechanisms of fuel atomization, mixing, and combustion in engines, as well as emission control technologies for vehicle engines. It also includes research on advanced theories and technologies for clean vehicles and power systems, theories and technologies for new energy vehicles, vehicle energy management and control technologies, and the theories and technologies of novel combustion systems. 4. New Materials Science and Technology for Vehicles This research direction primarily focuses on the design and fabrication methods of new materials for vehicles, including fundamental theories and key technologies related to strengthening mechanisms, microstructure control, performance evaluation, service characteristics, and failure mechanisms. It also covers the application technologies and scientific theories of advanced steel materials, ceramics and ceramic matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and multifunctional integrated materials in various types of vehicles.